# Methodology & Framework **URL:** https://forum.l2beat.com/c/methodology-and-framework/5.md [Latest](https://forum.l2beat.com/latest.md) · [Categories](https://forum.l2beat.com/categories.md) · [Tags](https://forum.l2beat.com/tags.md) --- ## [The Data Availability Risk Framework](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/the-data-availability-risk-framework/318)
**Author:** [@Vincenzo](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/Vincenzo)\ **Replies:** 5\ **Last updated:** [November 6, 2024, 12:33am UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/the-data-availability-risk-framework/318 "2024-11-06T00:33:38Z")
Building upon the original framework outlined in our previous post, the L2BEAT research team has updated the risk categories and their respective scoring methodology, incorporating community feedback. To provide a clear… --- ## [The Risk Rosette Framework](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/the-risk-rosette-framework/292)
**Author:** [@donnoh](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/donnoh)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [June 8, 2024, 12:07pm UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/the-risk-rosette-framework/292 "2024-06-08T12:07:06Z")
This document is to be considered the source of truth for the latest version of the Risk Rosette framework. Note that it might not account for every possible scenario and for this reason, it gets frequently updated based… --- ## [The Stages Framework](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/the-stages-framework/291)
**Author:** [@donnoh](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/donnoh)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [June 6, 2024, 10:18am UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/the-stages-framework/291 "2024-06-06T10:18:28Z")
This document is to be considered the source of truth for the latest version of the Stages Framework, which was first introduced here. A changelog can be found at the bottom of the document. Specification Stage 0 requir… --- ## [Ossification (announcement and call for feedback)](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/ossification-announcement-and-call-for-feedback/445)
**Author:** [@basti](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/basti)\ **Replies:** 3\ **Last updated:** [September 17, 2026, 8:59am UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/ossification-announcement-and-call-for-feedback/445 "2026-09-17T08:59:37Z")
Ossification in which we attempt to quantify an ancient blockchain security primitive of permissionless, immutable smart contract code We are working on a new L2BEAT metric: the Ossification Score. The frontend and bac… --- ## [Privacy methodology](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/privacy-methodology/426)
**Author:** [@Gavin](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/Gavin)\ **Replies:** 8\ **Last updated:** [June 2, 2026, 7:50pm UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/privacy-methodology/426 "2026-06-02T19:50:48Z")
hello! L2BEAT’s new privacy dashboard is :fire: :fire: it covers a lot, and really well: tvl, deposit/withdraw counts, asset breakdown, architecture, risk, governance, compliance, etc :clap: i think we can do even bett… --- ## [Stage 1 update: minimum challenge period reduction from 7d to 5d](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/stage-1-update-minimum-challenge-period-reduction-from-7d-to-5d/425)
**Author:** [@donnoh](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/donnoh)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [April 30, 2026, 11:14am UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/stage-1-update-minimum-challenge-period-reduction-from-7d-to-5d/425 "2026-04-30T11:14:13Z")
TLDR: after thorough research and discussions, we find that when strong censorship (i.e. 51%) attacks are excluded, a 5d challenge period is a comfortable lower bound in the presence of soft censorship attacks and networ… --- ## [Alt-DA Stages Framework - call for feedback](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/alt-da-stages-framework-call-for-feedback/414)
**Author:** [@Vincenzo](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/Vincenzo)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [March 10, 2026, 2:59pm UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/alt-da-stages-framework-call-for-feedback/414 "2026-03-10T14:59:14Z")
For rollups, DA on L1 means the sequencer cannot withhold data - anyone can read it from Ethereum and verify state transitions independently. For Validiums and Optimiums, DA lives off-chain, so the sequencer can withhold… --- ## [New Stage 1 requirements for L2 proving systems](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/new-stage-1-requirements-for-l2-proving-systems/413)
**Author:** [@sergeyshemyakov](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/sergeyshemyakov)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [February 16, 2026, 11:36am UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/new-stage-1-requirements-for-l2-proving-systems/413 "2026-02-16T11:36:02Z")
The following requirements will become a part of the Stage 1 requirements within L2BEAT stages framework. They are compiled from the requirements announced on our forum previously plus additional condition on optimistic … --- ## [Stage 1 requirements update: Security Council walkaway test](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/stage-1-requirements-update-security-council-walkaway-test/412)
**Author:** [@donnoh](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/donnoh)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [December 22, 2025, 3:40pm UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/stage-1-requirements-update-security-council-walkaway-test/412 "2025-12-22T15:40:07Z")
Abstract We propose to introduce a new Stage 1 requirement to disallow the active use of the Security Council to provide censorship resistance, liveness and safety guarantees under non-emergency circumstances, i.e. in th… --- ## [Cont: Stage 1 challenge period reduction discussion](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/cont-stage-1-challenge-period-reduction-discussion/411)
**Author:** [@donnoh](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/donnoh)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [December 9, 2025, 1:01am UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/cont-stage-1-challenge-period-reduction-discussion/411 "2025-12-09T01:01:58Z")
:warning: NOTE: The goal of this document is not to announce new changes but to discuss them and gather comments. No final decision has been made on whether to adopt the new requirements or not. Preliminary resources … --- ## [New Stage 1 requirements for ZK setups](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/new-stage-1-requirements-for-zk-setups/409)
**Author:** [@sergeyshemyakov](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/sergeyshemyakov)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [November 10, 2025, 9:41am UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/new-stage-1-requirements-for-zk-setups/409 "2025-11-10T09:41:12Z")
We propose to add the following items to the Stage 1 requirements. They all relate to ZK verifier setups used by L2s. The main motivation is to hold ZK verifier setups to the same standards of transparency and trustless… --- ## [Secure Integration of Alt-DA L2s with Data Availability Verifiers](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/secure-integration-of-alt-da-l2s-with-data-availability-verifiers/408)
**Author:** [@Vincenzo](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/Vincenzo)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [November 6, 2025, 7:44am UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/secure-integration-of-alt-da-l2s-with-data-availability-verifiers/408 "2025-11-06T07:44:03Z")
Abstract We propose replacing the ambiguous term “DA bridge” with “Data Availability Verifier” (DA Verifier) to clarify the importance of verifying off-chain DA attestations for L2s using external data availability provi… --- ## [Stages update proposal: decouple escrows from rollup stages](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/stages-update-proposal-decouple-escrows-from-rollup-stages/407)
**Author:** [@donnoh](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/donnoh)\ **Replies:** 3\ **Last updated:** [October 31, 2025, 3:01pm UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/stages-update-proposal-decouple-escrows-from-rollup-stages/407 "2025-10-31T15:01:25Z")
Abstract We propose to formally restrict the scope of the Stages assessment to the messaging bridge and provide escrow-specific assessments that do not affect the overall Stage designation of the project, unlike today. W… --- ## [Assets, Bridges and TVS](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/assets-bridges-and-tvs/388)
**Author:** [@basti](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/basti)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [August 1, 2025, 3:16pm UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/assets-bridges-and-tvs/388 "2025-08-01T15:16:15Z")
The L2BEAT team is working on the TVS and asset frameworks. This thread provides some transparency and will show the latest updates. Any feedback is much appreciated! Now We are taking a first step towards more useful a… --- ## [The trusted setups framework for ZK Catalog](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/the-trusted-setups-framework-for-zk-catalog/381)
**Author:** [@sergeyshemyakov](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/sergeyshemyakov)\ **Replies:** 5\ **Last updated:** [July 19, 2025, 12:23pm UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/the-trusted-setups-framework-for-zk-catalog/381 "2025-07-19T12:23:13Z")
The L2BEAT research team would like to propose a framework for evaluating trusted setups of zero knowledge proving systems used in L2-related applications. The general goal of the framework is to expose implicit trust as… --- ## [The Recategorization](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/the-recategorization/377)
**Author:** [@donnoh](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/donnoh)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [June 20, 2025, 10:52am UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/the-recategorization/377 "2025-06-20T10:52:42Z")
This document is to be considered the source of truth for the latest version of the Recategorization, which was first introduced here, and went into effect in June 19, 2025. A changelog can be found at the bottom of the … --- ## [Surge & State Root Progression Protocols](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/surge-state-root-progression-protocols/360)
**Author:** [@CTra1n](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/CTra1n)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [April 23, 2025, 2:57pm UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/surge-state-root-progression-protocols/360 "2025-04-23T14:57:31Z")
Surge is a Nethermind initiative. Thanks to @donnoh and @Bartek for their helpful discussions on the article. Overview The goal of this document is to detail how the Surge rollup template ensures state roots can be pro… --- ## [Rollup maturity ranking proposal - call for final feedback](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/rollup-maturity-ranking-proposal-call-for-final-feedback/119)
**Author:** [@Bartek](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/Bartek)\ **Replies:** 11\ **Last updated:** [April 7, 2025, 12:39pm UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/rollup-maturity-ranking-proposal-call-for-final-feedback/119 "2025-04-07T12:39:34Z")
After numerous discussions with the whole l2beat team we have decided to have another round of community feedback before finally releasing our implementation of a “rollup maturity ranking” which is our interpretation of … --- ## [Stages update: a high-level guiding principle for Stage 1](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/stages-update-a-high-level-guiding-principle-for-stage-1/338)
**Author:** [@donnoh](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/donnoh)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [March 4, 2025, 11:44am UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/stages-update-a-high-level-guiding-principle-for-stage-1/338 "2025-03-04T11:44:51Z")
Abstract We propose a higher-level and better-formalized guiding principle for Stage 1. We first discuss some contentious examples of projects that might fit or not fit the Stage 1 assessment depending on different inter… --- ## [Data Availability Risk Framework - call for feedback](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/data-availability-risk-framework-call-for-feedback/275)
**Author:** [@Vincenzo](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/Vincenzo)\ **Replies:** 15\ **Last updated:** [July 22, 2024, 4:24pm UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/data-availability-risk-framework-call-for-feedback/275 "2024-07-22T16:24:50Z")
Please note there is a more recent version of this framework that incorporates community feedback. The current Data Availability Risk Framework can be found here. The L2BEAT research team would like to introduce a risk … --- ## [ZK Rollups is misleading - we need a new term!](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/zk-rollups-is-misleading-we-need-a-new-term/216)
**Author:** [@0xJommi](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/0xJommi)\ **Replies:** 4\ **Last updated:** [October 16, 2023, 10:28am UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/zk-rollups-is-misleading-we-need-a-new-term/216 "2023-10-16T10:28:16Z")
First of all, I have to say the current overview page of rollups on L2beat is incredible. So much information presented in such a great way. Congratulations. Optimistic Rollups don’t actually work in practice - As we kn… --- ## [L2Bridge Risk Framework](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/l2bridge-risk-framework/31)
**Author:** [@Bartek](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/Bartek)\ **Replies:** 28\ **Last updated:** [September 11, 2023, 5:58am UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/l2bridge-risk-framework/31 "2023-09-11T05:58:34Z")
Together with Vaibhav Chellani from Socket I would like to present a risk framework proposal for assessing the security profile of different bridge architectures. The overall goal is similar to the risk framework for dif… --- ## [Rollup Stages - call for feedback](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/rollup-stages-call-for-feedback/186)
**Author:** [@donnoh](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/donnoh)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [June 19, 2023, 11:44am UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/rollup-stages-call-for-feedback/186 "2023-06-19T11:44:57Z")
The Rollup Stages Framework just got released on L2BEAT. We’d love to hear your feedback! Detailed blog post: Introducing Stages — a framework to evaluate rollups maturity Previous related discussion: Rollup maturity r… --- ## [Change zkSync to red yes for Upgradability in risk matrix](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/change-zksync-to-red-yes-for-upgradability-in-risk-matrix/55)
**Author:** [@MicahZoltu](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/MicahZoltu)\ **Replies:** 7\ **Last updated:** [April 11, 2023, 11:23am UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/change-zksync-to-red-yes-for-upgradability-in-risk-matrix/55 "2023-04-11T11:23:56Z")
If you ignore who the various multisig keyholders are, zkSync functionally can be instantly upgraded by m of n keyholders. The scheme they have where there are two different groups, one who proposes and one who can spee… --- ## [Choose coins to include in TVL](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/choose-coins-to-include-in-tvl/107)
**Author:** [@julien122](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/julien122)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [April 11, 2023, 11:23am UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/choose-coins-to-include-in-tvl/107 "2023-04-11T11:23:53Z")
I have the impression that a lot of people are interested in seeing the development of total amount ETH locked on L2 in a chart, and not only TVL. TVL in USD or ETH is very dependent on the price action, while looking at… --- ## [Primary bridge metric](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/primary-bridge-metric/97)
**Author:** [@randomishwalk](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/randomishwalk)\ **Replies:** 3\ **Last updated:** [October 28, 2022, 2:01pm UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/primary-bridge-metric/97 "2022-10-28T14:01:05Z")
Understand why TVL is used for scaling solutions, despite flaws that everyone has pointed out \[Reworking TVL on L2BEAT\]. What should the right metric be for bridges though? Should it be TVL or USD volume? --- ## [Reworking TVL on L2BEAT](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/reworking-tvl-on-l2beat/17)
**Author:** [@PiotrSzlachciak](https://forum.l2beat.com/u/PiotrSzlachciak)\ **Replies:** 6\ **Last updated:** [July 8, 2022, 7:40pm UTC](https://forum.l2beat.com/t/reworking-tvl-on-l2beat/17 "2022-07-08T19:40:06Z")
TVL is one of the most controversial and, at the same time, one of the most used metrics to assess the “popularity” of the chain. When L2BEAT was launched, a somewhat simplistic but easily verifiable approach was taken t…